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 player valuation


Explainable artificial intelligence model for identifying Market Value in Professional Soccer Players

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This study introduces an advanced machine learning method for predicting soccer players' market values, combining ensemble models and the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) for interpretability. Utilizing data from about 12,000 players from Sofifa, the Boruta algorithm streamlined feature selection. The Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) model excelled in predictive accuracy, with an R-squared of 0.901 and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3,221,632.175. Player attributes in skills, fitness, and cognitive areas significantly influenced market value. These insights aid sports industry stakeholders in player valuation. However, the study has limitations, like underestimating superstar players' values and needing larger datasets. Future research directions include enhancing the model's applicability and exploring value prediction in various contexts.


Large Scale Diverse Combinatorial Optimization: ESPN Fantasy Football Player Trades

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Even skilled fantasy football managers can be disappointed by their mid-season rosters as some players inevitably fall short of draft day expectations. Team managers can quickly discover that their team has a low score ceiling even if they start their best active players. A novel and diverse combinatorial optimization system proposes high volume and unique player trades between complementary teams to balance trade fairness. Several algorithms create the valuation of each fantasy football player with an ensemble of computing models such as Quantum Support Vector Classifier with Permutation Importance (QSVC-PI), Quantum Support Vector Classifier with Accumulated Local Effects (QSVC-ALE), Variational Quantum Circuit with Permutation Importance (VQC-PI), Hybrid Quantum Neural Network with Permutation Importance (HQNN-PI), eXtreme Gradient Boosting Classifier (XGB), and Subject Matter Expert (SME) rules. The valuation of each player is personalized based on league rules, roster, and selections. Similarly, the cost of trading away a player is related to a team's roster, such as the depth at a position, slot count, position importance, etc. Teams are paired together for trading based on a cosine dissimilarity score so that teams can offset their respective strengths and weaknesses. A knapsack 0-1 algorithm computes outgoing players for each team. Postprocessors apply analytics and deep learning models to measure 6 different objective measures about each trade, such as parity, pain, and fairness. Over the 2020 and 2021 National Football League (NFL) seasons, a group of 24 experts from IBM and ESPN evaluated trade quality through 10 Football Error Analysis Tool (FEAT) sessions. Our system started with 76.9% of high-quality trades and was deployed for the 2021 season with 97.3% of high-quality trades. To increase trade quantity, our quantum, classical, and rules-based computing have 100% trade uniqueness. This paper will discuss our diverse computing paradigms that value players, cost determinations, personalization experience, knapsack 0-1 algorithm and our experimental results. Throughout the 2020 season, we served over 239 million trade proposals and insights with over 55 million user interactions. In 2021, we introduced trade personalization so that the trade proposals were created around user preferences.